The Nice Disney Reel Rumble Retrospective reaches a grand second as we proceed by means of the Renaissance Period! We cowl extra of Disney’s basic movies, with one a essential and industrial darling and the opposite having extra combined reception. Does The Lion King nonetheless dwell as much as popularity, or can Pocahontas sneak in a victory?
In the event you’re anticipating yet one more recount of how the unique impetus for The Lion King in some way lay with Walt himself, then you definitely’d lastly, for mainly the primary time, be flawed. However the origin of The Lion King is the topic of some controversy. There are conflicting takes about who got here up with what concepts and when. Charlie Fink (Disney’s Vice President for Inventive Affairs on the time) credit himself with growing the thought of a Bambi based mostly round African lions, after which approaching Jeffrey Katzenberg, Peter Schneider, and Roy E. Disney. Katzenberg later stated he first mentioned it with the opposite two on a flight, with Katzenberg relishing the idea of an Africa-set Disney movie.
No matter who originated it, growth continued when the creator of The Courageous Little Toaster, Thomas Disch, met with Fink and Roy E. Disney and drafted the primary therapy. All through 1989, many writers wrote various draft scripts. Jenny Tripp could be credited with naming Simba and for some story components similar to Simba being separated by his satisfaction and being raised by different animals. Author J.T. Allen was the primary to jot down a script titled The Lion King, ending in 1990.
The Disney energy trio nonetheless felt the movie wanted extra. Oscar-winning screenwriter Ronald Bass (Rain Man) supervised additional rewrites, and Linda Woolverton (Magnificence and the Beast) additionally grew to become concerned. These variations included components similar to Rafiki being a cheetah and the plot centering on a battle between lions and baboons. Simba would change into lazy and slovenly as a result of Scar manipulating him, setting him as much as be deposed. Increasingly more of us at Disney grew to become concerned as they heard concerning the movie and provided their very own various concepts.
George Scribner (Oliver & Firm) was initially tapped to direct. Roger Allers joined after ending work on Magnificence and the Beast and Aladdin. The preliminary crew took a visit to Kenya to watch nature, however Scribner would go away the challenge quickly thereafter. Scribner needed extra of a severe, nature-focused method, whereas Allers and different producers needed to repeat their success with the Broadway musical stylings of Disney’s latest hit movies. Rob Minkoff changed Scribner for his first outing as a director, after animating on prior Disney works.
The carousel of creatives didn’t cease there. Don Hahn, a producer from Magnificence and the Beast, grew to become the lead producer and requested reworked the movie to deal with rising up and dealing with the realities of the world. Allers, Minkoff, Chapman, and Hahn spent two weeks working collectively, and concepts had been developed together with Mufasa’s return as a ghost, Rafiki turning into extra of a wacky character, Scar turning into Mufasa’s brother, and in the end altering the title from King of the Jungle to The Lion King, as in Allen’s early script. Seeing the Shakespearean components, Katzenberg reportedly instructed the crew to double down on the Hamlet influences. In the end, the crew pivoted and drew additional inspiration from the Bible characters of Joseph and Moses.
By summer time of 1992, lyricist Tim Rice was employed and began flying to California each week to work his songs into the movie’s continuity. Even after manufacturing started, rewriting continued as scenes could be developed after which redone as dialogue modified. Rice was accountable for bringing Elton John on board, since Rice’s traditional companion, Alan Menken, was unavailable. Rice initially needed ABBA, however they too had been unavailable. Rice and John ended up writing 5 songs collectively. To enrich their work, Hans Zimmer was employed for the rating as a result of his earlier success with two different Africa-set movies. Lebo M was additionally employed to complement the rating with conventional African music and choral components.
Animation was occurring concurrently with Pocahontas. Satirically, most needed to work on Pocahontas, as they believed it could be the extra prestigious and profitable movie. Hahn commented later that the pitch — a lion cub will get framed for homicide set to the music of Elton John — had most trying sideways and pondering it was doomed for failure. Consequently, lots of those that did work on The Lion King had been doing their first main work animating a personality. Work continued to be cut up with the newer Florida MGM location animating almost minutes, together with the “I Simply Can’t Wait to Be King” sequence. Pulling from the Bambi e-book, the animators studied real-life animals and had been visited a number of occasions by a wildlife skilled, who introduced dwell animals for statement.
The Pleasure Lands themselves had been modeled after the Kenyan Nationwide Park. Aiming to flee the everyday documentary portrayal of Africa, the crew modeled their work after painters similar to Maxfield Parrish and Charles Marion Russell, and in addition aimed to emulate the grand sweep of Lawrence of Arabia. The crew watched a number of John Ford movies for inspiration as nicely.
As with a number of of Disney’s latest efforts, CGI was utilized in spare scenes. The wildebeest stampede was primarily CGI animation. For over two years, 5 specially-trained animators labored on the sequence, creating 5 distinct wildebeests, multiplying them, cel-shading them to make them look extra hand-drawn, after which giving them randomized paths to simulate a herd’s actual motion.
Disney forged voice actors to attempt to match every character’s distinctive character. James Earl Jones was employed as a result of his voice reminding them of a lion’s roar. Matthew Broderick was employed early in manufacturing and ended up recording with just one different actor. He didn’t even be taught who voiced Simba’s love curiosity till the movie’s premiere. Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella initially auditioned for Zazu and a hyena, respectively, however the administrators discovered them so humorous collectively that they got Timon and Pumbaa. The administrators additionally needed to recruit Cheech and Chong to play hyenas, however as Tommy Chong was unavailable, his character was the feminine hyena Shenzi and Whoopi Goldberg was forged; she was insistent on being a part of the movie. Oppositely, Rowan Atkinson completely resisted auditioning for the movie, feeling he was not proper for voice performing, however Robin Driscoll satisfied him to do the a part of Zazu.
A bevy of actors had been thought-about for Scar together with Tim Curry, Alan Rickman, Patrick Stewart, and Ian McKellan. Jeremy Irons in the end landed the half, regardless of initially turning it down, as he needed to pursue additional dramatic performing within the vein of his position in Reversal of Fortune. Disney met Irons within the center, incorporating mannerisms from that character into Scar, together with the road “You don’t have any thought.”‘
The results of this maelstrom of competing concepts and influences is a movie that may be counted as Disney Animation’s first really unique feature-length story. Whereas others similar to Fantasia and the Wartime-era movies can technically make that declare, they had been all both collections of shorts, or frankly gentle on story. The Lion King‘s messy manufacturing gave delivery to a narrative that isn’t a direct adaptation of anything.
Disney determined to straight spotlight the movie within the advertising and marketing, utilizing the opening “Circle of Life” sequence as the primary fundamental trailer. Regardless of the movie solely being a 3rd full, the trailer began screening in late 1993 to rave viewers reactions. An intensive advertising and marketing marketing campaign adopted, one in every of its most profitable thus far, incomes Disney round one billion {dollars} in merchandising.
The movie itself opened in June 1994. To name it profitable could be an understatement. It grew to become the highest-grossing animated movie of all time by the top of its preliminary run, incomes $763.5 million. In an unprecedented transfer, the movie was dubbed into 28 completely different languages, together with Zulu, a Disney first. The aggressive advertising and marketing paid off because it grew to become a cultural sensation in the summertime of 1994 and opened to rave evaluations, although Gene Siskel was notably lukewarm. The soundtrack was its personal cultural drive, promoting many copies and incomes the movie two Academy Awards, one for Hans Zimmer’s rating and one other for Greatest Authentic Track for “Can You Really feel the Love Tonight.”
It’s legacy has solidified as one of the crucial fashionable movies in Disney canon. It has acquired a number of direct-to-video sequels, outstanding placement within the Disney parks, spin-off TV reveals, many video video games, and a characteristic within the Kingdom Hearts collection. Most prominently, The Lion King was tailored into a significant Broadway musical, maybe essentially the most profitable and notable Disney adaptation to Broadway, as that musical earned six Tony Awards and nonetheless runs to this present day.
It additionally acquired a CGI remake in 2019, which itself grew to become one of many highest grossing movies of all-time, although had a much more combined essential reception. That CGI movie then acquired its personal prequel movie, centered round Mufasa. There hasn’t been a scarcity of controversy since its launch, with a outstanding accusation being that the film stole concepts and pictures from the Japanese anime TV collection Kimba the White Lion. The jury is out on how a lot anybody at Disney knew or drew from Kimba in making The Lion King, although loads of viable alternate sources of inspiration have been given. No matter these controversies, The Lion King stays king of the Disney pantheon, or a minimum of within the high 5, because it is among the studio’s most beloved works.
In contrast to the unclear origin for The Lion King, Pocahontas clearly started because the mind youngster of Mike Gabriel. Gabriel was contemporary off of The Rescuers Down Below and needed to direct one thing vastly completely different. He conceived the thought in Thanksgiving 1990 after studying a e-book on Pocahontas’s life. He pitched the thought to executives together with Eisner, Katzenberg, and Roy E. Disney, amongst others. Utilizing a picture of Tiger Lily from Peter Pan, he described the story as that of a girl caught between love for the English enemy and love for her father and her folks. This struck a chord with Animation President Peter Schneider, who noticed it as akin to Romeo and Juliet, leading to fast approval and the quickest turnaround in Disney historical past.
Following Magnificence and the Beast‘s surprising Academy Award success, Katzenberg noticed the romance of Pocahontas as an opportunity for extra Oscar glory and executives started to push for the characters to be older, extra reserved, and aimed towards a mature viewers. To this finish, animals didn’t speak on this movie however as an alternative pantomimed. Eric Goldberg was requested to co-direct after his animation successes on Aladdin and The Lion King. Racial riots in Los Angeles in 1992 satisfied Goldberg to hitch within the extra mature method, and he hoped for the movie to touch upon racial themes. Nonetheless, Goldberg wouldn’t final, as government interference grew to become so fixed that he ended up leaving Disney completely.
Glen Keane was chosen to animate Pocahontas following his acclaimed work on Ariel. He and different filmmakers visited Jamestown to analysis for the movie, together with assembly with descendants of the Native Individuals depicted within the movie and to talk with historians at Previous Dominion. Keane would base Pocahontas on a number of of the ladies he met in the course of the journey, together with Shirley ‘Little Dove’ Custalow-McGowan and Devi White Dove. He additionally checked out fashions similar to Kate Moss and Naomi Campbell, and a 1620 portrait of Pocahontas. Because of the rising complexity of the character’s design and shade, 55 completely different animators ended up engaged on her.
Some Native American consultants later expressed dismay for engaged on the movie after they realized the push for historic accuracy stopped on the doorways of business attraction. Story supervisor Tom Sito could have started in search of historic constancy, however he comprised accuracy all through. He targeted the romance on John Smith, as he felt Pocahontas’s real-world marriage to John Rolfe was too violent for younger audiences. He additionally took liberties with Smith himself, contemplating the large age hole and that Smith was not a likable individual. This grew to become a relentless theme, with lots of Pocahontas’s life occasions getting excised as a result of not becoming the narrative. John Ratcliffe was made the villain largely as a result of his identify sounded most villainous. Eisner initially pushed for Pocahontas to have a mom, feeling flack for Disney movies by no means having moms, however writers pointed to the polygamous practices of Powhatans as a motive to maintain the deal with the daddy.
Grandmother Willow was developed after a male religious ancestor was discarded. Gregory Peck had already been forged, however he backed out as he felt a maternal determine was extra acceptable. Katzenberg outright opposed the Grandmother Willow character, because the writers intentionally wrote in in a bunch of foolish tree puns. Satirically, the inclusion of those puns turned the tide of the executives’ opinion, leading to them pushing for extra of the Willow character. It was round this time that Katzenberg expressed his view that this might be Disney’s subsequent hit and that The Lion King would show too experimental for extensive audiences. This assertion directed many animators to shift to engaged on Pocahontas, hoping for the status to rub off.
For casting, Disney got down to forged Native Individuals in as many roles as potential. But Judy Kuhn was first employed to be the singing voice of Pocahontas, persevering with the brand new theme at Disney of getting Broadway concerned of their productions; consultants from Broadway reveals had been being connected to each challenge. Irene Bedard, a Native American, was then forged for Pocahontas’s dialogue as she was an in depth match for Kuhn’s voice. Mel Gibson was forged as John Smith, following Gibson’s need to do a job for his youngsters, and he broke a development by being one of many few non-Broadway lead voice performers to do his personal singing. Russel Means was forged as Chief Powhatan, although he didn’t respect the script having Native Individuals deal with one another by identify moderately than in phrases similar to “my father” or “my buddy.”
Howard Ashman and Alan Menken had been initially on faucet to do the music, however following Ashman’s demise, Menken was requested to work with Tim Rice once more. As a consequence of Rice’s proclivity for working world wide, Menken was dismayed on the thought, leading to Disney hiring Stephen Schwartz. Their pairing was not as rosy because the Menken-Ashman partnership, as each stepped over one another’s work once in a while. Schwartz grew to become extra vocal about having story affect as a result of his passionate emotions on the themes of racial tolerance and cooperation. He visited Jamestown himself and began with “Colours of the Wind” to make it the aural coronary heart of the movie.
No matter their acrimony, the soundtrack was a success, reaching triple platinum certification. As for the movie itself, it considerably replicated The Lion King‘s success. It too was promoted with a track sequence as a trailer, had the most important opening in movie historical past on the time when it opened in Central Park, and timed its extensive launch to Pocahontas’s four-hundredth birthday. Nonetheless, whereas Pocahontas had a profitable field workplace run, cumulatively grossing $346.1 million, it was thought-about a disappointment in comparison with The Lion King. All the identical, Eisner felt it matched the success of Magnificence and the Beast. Critics had been way more combined on it, with many criticizing the storytelling decisions and muddled plotting. The animation acquired loads of reward, as did the music, however it appeared that the push for a mature movie resulted extra in a bland one, as critics famous the dearth of humor, and a few recycled components. The historic accuracy and dealing with of racial themes additionally acquired combined commentary, with some feeling it did a superb job of highlighting the historical past of violence in opposition to Native Individuals, and others feeling it supplied a whitewashed tackle historical past.
No matter preliminary reception, Pocahontas has had an honest legacy. It continued a development of Oscar gold for its rating and for Greatest Authentic Track (“Colours of the Wind”). It acquired its share of video video games, direct-to-video sequels, and has proven up sometimes in Disney crossovers similar to Ralph Breaks the Web. Many really feel that the movie is accountable for an elevated development of stronger feminine protagonists in Disney, stating that it influenced the later appearances of Mulan, Elsa, and Rapunzel. Whereas few would argue that it doesn’t fairly stand as tall because the titans of the early 90s, it nonetheless is firmly thought-about a part of the Renaissance.
Whereas The Lion King does bear robust resemblances to the beats of Hamlet, it carves its personal path and world. With its lion monarchy, the movie deftly tells a narrative of coming-of-age, positioning Simba’s vanity as a supply of downfall, leading to excessive guilt after he loses his father. Although bratty, Jonathan Taylor-Thomas and later Matthew Broderick humanize Simba’s character and make him one in every of Disney’s greatest protagonists. The hilarity of Timon and Pumbaa’s dynamic, the growling evil of Jeremy Iron’s Scar, and the romance Simba and Nala share are all massive beats that the movie pulls off with bombast. It’s environment friendly storytelling, with the script not losing a minute. The world feels lived in, and James Earl Jones’s efficiency leaves such an impression that Mufasa serves as a thematic underpinning of the entire work. It’s one in every of Disney’s greatest tales.
By comparability, story might be the weakest facet of Pocahontas. Focusing extra on its romance, the characters of John Smith and Pocahontas are decently developed, and the thought of their characters studying from one another and attempting to bridge their two completely different worlds is an honest one. As executed, the movie could be a bit plodding in its pacing, with extra screentime than concepts to fill it. The movie goals for a extra mature examination of the world, however it backs down from the concepts and violence that would really give it that depth. The result’s a movie that seems like a shell of what its attempting to be. Governor Ratcliffe can be a moderately bland villain, maybe the weakest one of many Renaissance movies. His canine leaves extra of an impression.
Consequently, The Lion King simply knocks it out of the (nationwide) park right here and takes this class.
Winner: The Lion King
Pairing Elton John’s songwriting with the acumen of Tim Rice and the rating of Hans Zimmer and Lebo M was one in every of Disney’s most masterful strikes. The music of The Lion King could also be its greatest facet, which is saying one thing with a movie this nice. Hardly ever are you able to say that each single track from a movie is memorable, however such is the case right here. The opening quantity “Circle of Life” is a thunderous and momentous piece, explaining to the viewers in 4 minutes the scope of the movie. The blasting opening traces in Zulu are immediately memorable, with the choral chanting bringing within the fantastic hybrid of conventional African sounds with the showtune type of Broadway. Hans Zimmer’s themes weave out and in from all the songs, emphasizing the massive moments of the movie. The intelligent and hilarious lyricism of “Hakuna Matata” and “I Simply Can’t Wait to Be King” are a testomony to Elton John and Tim Rice’s expertise, and each will ceaselessly be enjoyable sing-alongs. Scar has the most effective villain songs in “Be Ready’,” sung largely by Irons himself, with its personal snarling lyrics turning into ear-worms. And even in any case of those incredible songs, there stays the Oscar-winning “Can You Really feel the Love Tonight.” One in all Disney’s most passionate romance themes, the track place Simba and Nala’s romance and advances Simba’s coming-of-age story, with Simba internally wrestling along with his guilt and Nala decided to see Simba change into the individual she is aware of he could be. That it’s all rendered in a stunning melody, exploding in a remaining refrain with Zimmer’s themes and melodies woven through choral singing. It’s merely one in every of Disney’s greatest musical compositions, and this can be the perfect soundtrack in Disney historical past.
Pocahontas is not any slouch within the music division. The highlights of the movie are Judy Kuhn’s two numbers because the titular character. “Simply Across the Riverbend” is a prototypical Disney princess track concerning the hero dealing with a choice of custom versus discovering a brand new path. Regardless of the acquainted materials, the lyrics work nicely in tandem with the movie’s pure focus, and Kuhn’s voice actually carries the choruses together with flighty strings. The perfect monitor is “Colours of the Wind,” as Pocahontas tries to point out John Smith that his prejudices are off-base and to understand the North American magnificence, each in nature in addition to folks. This track is the one which greatest captures all the pieces this movie tries to say, even the place the plot lets the promise of the track down. The animation on this sequence is attractive, and had been this complete movie as nice as this track, it would current extra of a problem to The Lion King. Songs like “Savages” and “The Virginia Firm” are competent if not explicit memorable or thrilling.
Once more, The Lion King wins out by means of easy mass. The consistency throughout its soundtrack is almost unmatched in all of Disney canon, whereas Pocahontas provides just one true titan within the Disney music repertoire.
Winner: The Lion King
The great thing about The Lion King is on show from the opening body. The African solar peeking out to the opening phrases of “Circle of Life” is a robust second. There’s a motive Disney had confidence in utilizing this for a trailer. The realism of the imagery, mixed with simply sufficient creative embellishment, alerts what this movie’s type will probably be. Not that it’s afraid of getting a bit extra stylized, with “I Simply Can’t Wait to Be King” throwing collectively numerous shiny colours and extra extravagant visuals. However constancy to pure magnificence retains this movie shining. The ethereal marvel of Mufasa’s ghost, the dried out husk of the Pleasure Lands in the long run, and that tremendous wildebeest sequence are all among the many visible highlights of the movie. The character design can be glorious, giving the characters loads of character and expression whereas nonetheless sustaining authenticity to real-life animals. The hyenas look nice, Zazu seems nice, and even Scar, among the many extra stylized of the characters, nonetheless seems like an actual lion even along with his black mane and scar. It’s the animation that helps make The Lion King the total bundle.
Although Pocahontas fell quick within the different classes, that is the place Pocahontas fights on even floor. The hand-drawn Renaissance period of animation is almost across-the-board glorious all through these movies, and this one is not any completely different. The rendering of North American landscapes and animals advantages from the analysis achieved and efforts to take care of constancy to actual life. Like The Lion King, simply sufficient contact of creative creativity spruces it up, with Grandmother Willow being a very neat character design. The colours of “Colours of the Wind” actually deliver the track to life and make for the movie’s greatest sequence. And whereas the music in “Savages” could possibly be extra memorable, you’ll be able to’t fault the animation. It actually is gorgeous and builds up the strain of the second. There’s a large leap ahead right here from the depiction of Native Individuals in Peter Pan, with the all the analysis paying off to assist the movie extra precisely depict different cultures.
Regardless of Pocahontas being a superbly animated work, The Lion King should win once more. It merely has too many highly effective and notable visuals, from Pleasure Rock to the Elephant Graveyard and Simba’s journey again to The Pleasure Lands, and extra. However that is simply the closest class, and Pocahontas barely misses out on successful.
Winner: The Lion King
That is no shock. The Lion King wins with ease. It completely dominates Pocahontas on most fronts, with a significantly better story, general soundtrack, and notable characters. Whereas the animation of each movies is gorgeous and almost face to face, it isn’t sufficient to defeat The Lion King. The Lion King is the crown jewel in Disney’s canon (no pun supposed), mixing collectively all the varied components from its historical past into the most effective animated movies of all time. It holds up even thirty years later as a pinnacle of Western animation. One of many biggest scenes in Disney canon, the place Mufasa teaches Simba concerning the inevitability of demise and loss however that Simba will all the time carry those who got here earlier than with in him within the stars and his coronary heart, by no means fails to make me tear up.
The Lion King
- Ranked #132 globally
- Wins 60% of matchups
- 108,660 customers have ranked it 995,650 occasions
- 1381 have it as their #1 movie
- Ranked 1/65 within the Walt Disney Animation Studios filter
Pocahontas
- Ranked #3925 globally
- Wins 31% of matchups
- 24,292 customers have ranked it 191,665 occasions
- 26 have it as their #1 movie
- Ranked 41/65 within the Walt Disney Animation Studios filter
- The Lion King (1994)
- Bambi (1942)
- Magnificence and the Beast (1991)
- Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
- Aladdin (1992)
- Cinderella (1950)
- The Little Mermaid (1989)
- Fantasia (1940)
- Peter Pan (1953)
- The Fox and the Hound (1981)
- The Jungle E book (1967)
- Robin Hood (1973)
- Alice in Wonderland (1951)
- Pinocchio (1940)
- The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
- One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
- Girl and the Tramp (1955)
- Oliver & Firm (1988)
- Pocahontas (1995)
- The Rescuers (1977)
- The Aristocats (1970)
- The Black Cauldron (1985)
- Dumbo (1941)
- Sleeping Magnificence (1959)
- The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
- The Nice Mouse Detective (1986)
- The Three Caballeros (1944)
- The Rescuers Down Below (1990)
- The Sword within the Stone (1963)
- Melody Time (1948)
- Saludos Amigos (1942)
- Enjoyable and Fancy Free (1947)
- Make Mine Music (1946)
